{"id":472,"date":"2024-06-03T09:46:24","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T07:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=472"},"modified":"2024-06-03T09:52:24","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T07:52:24","slug":"open-source-cms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=472","title":{"rendered":"Open source CMS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h2>\n

<\/h2>\n

Open Source redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u2013 \u010do s\u00fa za\u010d, pre\u010do s\u00fa zadarmo a ako ich vyu\u017ei\u0165<\/h2>\n

O Open Source redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch (Open Source CMS) sa toho pop\u00edsalo u\u017e to\u013eko, a\u017e by sa mohlo zda\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e ani nie je o \u010dom p\u00edsa\u0165. T\u00e1to tematika m\u00e1 v\u0161ak oproti in\u00fdm jednu obrovsk\u00fa v\u00fdhodu \u2013 rozober\u00e1 oblas\u0165 trhu, ktor\u00e1 sa vyv\u00edja tak bleskur\u00fdchle, \u017ee to, \u010do bolo nap\u00edsan\u00e9 pred p\u00e1r mesiacmi, \u010di pred rokom, u\u017e dnes nemus\u00ed by\u0165 a \u010dasto ani nie je pravda.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e1 oblas\u0165 IT je dynamick\u00e1 u\u017e sama osebe, jej \u010das\u0165 zaoberaj\u00faca sa v\u00fdvojom a tvorbou webov\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed a webov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed v\u0161ak patr\u00ed medzi tie najdynamickej\u0161ie. Aj preto, \u010di u\u017e chtiac, alebo nechtiac, tu bude v\u017edy o \u010dom p\u00edsa\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pojmy a dojmy<\/h2>\n

Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed u\u017e pojmy Open Source, \u010di redak\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ur\u010dite zachytilo, niektor\u00ed by ich mo\u017eno dok\u00e1zali dokonca aj op\u00edsa\u0165. Drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z t\u00e1bora laikov a z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, v\u0161ak ani netu\u0161\u00ed, \u010do presne znamenaj\u00fa a \u010d\u00edm sa od klasick\u00fdch (statick\u00fdch) webov\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, naviac tie s ozna\u010den\u00edm Open Source, tak odli\u0161uj\u00fa. O v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch t\u00fdchto redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov potom teda logicky tie\u017e ve\u013ea nevedia a preto je najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das to zmeni\u0165 :-).<\/p>\n

Pok\u00fasime sa najprv tieto pojmy v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch bodoch zhrn\u00fa\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Open Source v preklade znamen\u00e1 otvoren\u00fd zdroj. Softv\u00e9ry vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 na tomto pr\u00ednc\u00edpe tak maj\u00fa otvoren\u00fd zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd je pr\u00edstupn\u00fd odbornej i laickej verejnosti a k jeho v\u00fdvoju tak m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  2. CMS \u2013\u00a0Content Management System<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 v preklade syst\u00e9m na spr\u00e1vu obsahu \u2013 v princ\u00edpe je to online syst\u00e9m \/ softv\u00e9r nain\u0161talovan\u00fd na va\u0161om hostingu, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faci spravova\u0165 va\u0161u webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku. P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my sa zameriavali v\u00fdlu\u010dne na spr\u00e1vu obsahu str\u00e1nok (odtia\u013e n\u00e1zov CMS). Postupom \u010dasu v\u0161ak niektor\u00e9 tieto syst\u00e9my umo\u017enili a st\u00e1le viac umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa ovl\u00e1da\u0165 kompletne cel\u00fd web, po\u010dn\u00fac obsahom, cez funkcionalitu, a\u017e po dizajn, bez nutnosti programovania.<\/li>\n
  3. Open Source CMS<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s otvoren\u00fdm k\u00f3dom, dostupn\u00e9 zdarma bez nutnosti platenia licen\u010dn\u00fdch, alebo ak\u00fdchko\u013evek in\u00fdch poplatkov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"Open Source my\u0161lienka\u00a0<\/strong>vo\u013en\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k zdrojov\u00e9mu k\u00f3du nie je nov\u00e1, tak\u00e9to komunity v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov existovali aj v minulosti a zdru\u017eovali sa okolo v\u00fdvoja klasick\u00fdch PC softv\u00e9rov. Zn\u00e1my je hlavne Linux, \u010di Open Office, nesk\u00f4r to boli tie\u017e internetov\u00e9 prehliada\u010de Mozilla, Opera, \u010di najnov\u0161ie Chrome. Hlavnou podstatou takejto my\u0161lienky je dobrovo\u013en\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca na v\u00fdvoji, \u010dastokr\u00e1t hnan\u00e1 po\u017eiadavkou na sebarealiz\u00e1ciu, \u010di za pocitom zados\u0165u\u010dinenia. Hnac\u00edm motorom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tie\u017e odozva od komunity, alebo aj mo\u017enos\u0165 prezentova\u0165 svoje zru\u010dnosti a vedomosti.<\/p>\n

    Hlavn\u00fd rozdiel medzi redak\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a statickou webovou str\u00e1nkou je v\u00a0mo\u017enosti edit\u00e1cie (minim\u00e1lne) obsahu<\/strong>. K\u00fdm pri statickej webovej str\u00e1nke musia by\u0165 v\u0161etky zmeny upravovan\u00e9 najprv v zdrojovom k\u00f3de a n\u00e1sledne uploadnut\u00e9 na hosting, redak\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u00e1m to umo\u017en\u00ed urobi\u0165 interakt\u00edvne bu\u010f priamo na str\u00e1nke (tzv.\u00a0front \u2013 end<\/strong>), alebo v administra\u010dnej z\u00f3ne zabezpe\u010denej prihl\u00e1sen\u00edm (tzv.\u00a0back \u2013 end<\/strong>). O \u00faspore \u010dasu, pe\u0148az\u00ed i nervov pri editovan\u00ed webu cez CMS tu asi hovori\u0165 netreba.<\/p>\n

    Top Open Source redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h2>\n

    Zamer\u00e1me sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na 5 Open Source redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov v mojom vlastnom TOP rebr\u00ed\u010dku. Ozna\u010denie TOP si vysl\u00fa\u017eili kv\u00f4li ich kvalite, variabilite, roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013enosti (mno\u017estvo, ale hlavne kvalita doplnkov pre tieto CMS), ob\u013e\u00fabenosti na internete a samozrejme v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rskej \/ u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskej z\u00e1kladni. Do tejto \u201eve\u013ekej p\u00e4\u0165ky\u201c patria\u00a0CMS Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, Magento a TYPO3<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u00fdchto redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov je viac \u2013 menej vhodn\u00fd na nie\u010do in\u00e9, ich spolo\u010dn\u00fdm znakom je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 zdarma a pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho a s\u00fa teda Open Source.<\/p>\n

    Variabilita a mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eitia<\/h2>\n

    Variabilita t\u00fdchto redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov sa odli\u0161uje najm\u00e4 vzh\u013eadom k tomu, \u017ee p\u00f4vodne bol ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m vyvinut\u00fd na nie\u010do in\u00e9. Postupom \u010dasu, s pr\u00edchodom nov\u00fdch verzi\u00ed a so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa ob\u013e\u00fabenos\u0165ou sa v\u0161ak aj tieto syst\u00e9my st\u00e1vali a st\u00e1vaj\u00fa univerz\u00e1lnej\u0161ie a pou\u017eite\u013enej\u0161ie v rozmanit\u00fdch, ba na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead mo\u017eno a\u017e neprirodzen\u00fdch webov\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach. M\u00f4\u017eete tak n\u00e1js\u0165 napr\u00edklad realitn\u00fd port\u00e1l postaven\u00fd na p\u00f4vodne blogovom CMS. V\u00fdsledky v\u0161ak hovoria sam\u00e9 za seba.<\/p>\n

    Tu je ve\u013emi stru\u010dn\u00fd popis vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00fdch redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov s naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • CMS Joomla<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 najuniverz\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m z ve\u013ekej p\u00e4\u0165ky, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z poh\u013eadu u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Komplexnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu a obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed ho predur\u010duje na vyu\u017eitie pre ak\u00fdko\u013evek typ webu, od jednoduch\u00fdch prezent\u00e1ci\u00ed, cez komplexn\u00e9 port\u00e1ly, a\u017e po unik\u00e1tne rie\u0161enia na mieru.<\/li>\n
    • CMS Drupal\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 jednotka pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, resp. \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed si radi syst\u00e9m prisp\u00f4sobia tot\u00e1lne na mieru aj priamo v k\u00f3de a samozrejme vedia ako na to. Najnov\u0161ia verzia Drupal 7 je ve\u013ek\u00fdm krokom k u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9mu komfortu, s ktor\u00fdm boli predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face verzie Drupalu vcelku \u201ena no\u017ee\u201c. Pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fd je v princ\u00edpe na ak\u00e9ko\u013evek webov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, zvykne sa napr. vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako jadro v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch webov\u00fdch s\u00eddiel. Fanatick\u00ed drupalisti ho taktie\u017e vyhlasuj\u00fa za najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed Open Source redak\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m na svete :-).<\/li>\n
    • CMS WordPress<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 najdynamickej\u0161ie sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00faci redak\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd zv\u00ed\u0165azil v posledn\u00fdch 2 rokoch v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei o najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00ed Open Source CMS sveta. Jednoduchos\u0165 ovl\u00e1dania, bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013enos\u0165 urobili z p\u00f4vodne jednoduch\u00e9ho blogovacieho syst\u00e9mu komplexn\u00e9 CMS. Po p\u00e1r rokoch v\u00fdvoja, s pr\u00edchodom WordPress 3 a v\u010faka extr\u00e9mnej ob\u013e\u00fabenosti u\u017e nie je probl\u00e9m n\u00e1js\u0165 realitn\u00fd port\u00e1l, elektronick\u00fd obchod, firemn\u00fd katal\u00f3g, \u010di videoport\u00e1l postaven\u00fd na tomto syst\u00e9me.<\/li>\n
    • Magento<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 jedin\u00fd z\u00e1stupca e-commerce rie\u0161en\u00ed v mojej \u201eve\u013ekej p\u00e4\u0165ke\u201c. Mnoh\u00fdmi zatracovan\u00fd, mnoh\u00fdmi blahore\u010den\u00fdm ohromne komplexn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ur\u010den\u00fd prim\u00e1rne na vytvorenie elektronick\u00e9ho obchodu. Mo\u017eno ho tie\u017e pova\u017eova\u0165 za kamenn\u00fa predaj\u0148u prenesen\u00fa do virtu\u00e1lneho sveta. Neuverite\u013en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo funkci\u00ed, o ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 platen\u00e9 rie\u0161enia iba sn\u00edvaj\u00fa s\u00fa v\u00fdhodou, no odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa sa aj na z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei hostingu. Kto vie, ako na neho, m\u00e1 vyhrat\u00e9.<\/li>\n
    • TYPO3 CMS<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 zahrnut\u00fd do m\u00f4jho rebr\u00ed\u010dka najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li jeho ob\u013e\u00fabenosti v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe (Nemecko, Holandsko, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia) a jeho neust\u00e1lej snahe pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sa \u013eahkos\u0165ou administr\u00e1cie k u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi. R\u00f4znorod\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pri tvorbe firemn\u00fdch prezent\u00e1ci\u00ed a ako z\u00e1klad pre elektronick\u00fd obchod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Open Source redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u2013 \u010do s\u00fa za\u010d, pre\u010do s\u00fa zadarmo a ako ich vyu\u017ei\u0165 O Open Source redak\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch (Open Source CMS) sa toho pop\u00edsalo u\u017e to\u013eko, a\u017e by sa mohlo zda\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e ani nie je o \u010dom p\u00edsa\u0165. T\u00e1to tematika m\u00e1 v\u0161ak oproti in\u00fdm jednu obrovsk\u00fa v\u00fdhodu \u2013 rozober\u00e1 oblas\u0165 trhu, ktor\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-472","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=472"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":480,"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472\/revisions\/480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdm.sosthe.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}